Sexual Violence in History: A Bibliography

compiled by Stefan Blaschke

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Introduction

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+ Structure

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Alphabetical Index

+ Author Index

+ Speaker Index

Chronological Index

+ Ancient History

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Geographical Index

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+ American History

+ Asian History

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Topical Index

+ Prosecution

+ Cases

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+ Offenders

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+ Society

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Start: Topical Index: Prosecution: Trials:

Prosecution: Trials:
INTERNATIONAL CRIMINAL TRIBUNAL FOR RWANDA

»The International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR; French: Tribunal pénal international pour le Rwanda; Kinyarwanda: Urukiko Mpanabyaha Mpuzamahanga Rwashyiriweho u Rwanda) was an international ad-hoc court established in November 1994 by the United Nations Security Council in Resolution 955 in order to adjudicate people charged for the Rwandan genocide and other serious violations of international law in Rwanda, or by Rwandan citizens in nearby states, between 1 January and 31 December 1994. The court eventually convicted 61 individuals and acquitted 14. In 1995, it became located in Arusha, Tanzania, under Resolution 977. From 2006, Arusha also became the location of the African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights. In 1998 the operation of the tribunal was expanded in Resolution 1165. Through several resolutions, the Security Council called on the tribunal to complete its investigations by end of 2004, complete all trial activities by end of 2008, and complete all work in 2012. The tribunal had jurisdiction over genocide, crimes against humanity, and violations of Common Article Three and Additional Protocol II of the Geneva Conventions (which deals with internal conflicts).« (Extract from: Wikipedia)

Cases: Real Offenders: Jean-Paul Akayesu, Sylvestre Gacumbitsi, Alfred Musema, Pauline Nyiramasuhuko, Laurent Semanza

[Info] Anders, Diana. »Symbolic Exits from Trauma? War Crimes Tribunals, Sexual Violence and Juridical Performances of Healing.« Narrative & Conflict 6 (2017): 43-69.

[Info] Buss, Doris E. »Rethinking ‘Rape as a Weapon of War’.« Feminist Legal Studies 17 (2009): 145-163.

[Info] Dudkiewicz, Hubert. »The African contribution to the penalization of war crimes of sexual nature.« Politeja 13 (2016): 343-362.

[Info] Gagro, Sandra F. »The Crime of Rape in the ICTY's and the ICTR's Case-Law.« Zbornik Pravnog fakulteta u Zagrebu 60 (2010): 1309-1334.

[Info] Gosh, Gitanjali, et al. »The Evolving Jurisprudence of Rape as a War Crime.« International Journal of Law and Legal Jurisprudence Studies 1 (2014).

[Info] Henry, Nicola. War and Rape: Law, memory and justice. New York 2011.

[Info] Hola, Barbora, et al. »Punishing Genocide: A Comparative Empirical Analysis of Sentencing Laws and Practices at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda (ICTR), Rwandan Domestic Courts, and Gacaca Courts.« Genocide Studies and Prevention 10 (2016): 59-80.

[Info] Hoy, Kellie-Sue. Sexual Violence as an Afterthought: Securing Justice for Sexual Violence Victims in the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Master Thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, 2013.

[Info] Kaitesi, Usta. Genocidal Gender and Sexual Violence: The legacy of the ICTR, Rwanda's ordinary courts and gacaca courts. Cambridge 2014.

[Info] Kantonen, Arto. Rwanda Crisis and Genocide in Case Law of Rwanda Tribunal. Master's Thesis, University of Helsinki, 2006.

[Info] Koomen, Jonneke. »"Without These Women, the Tribunal Cannot Do Anything": The Politics of Witness Testimony on Sexual Violence at the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda.« Signs 38 (2013): 253-277.

[Info] Lyons, Margaret A. »Hearing the Cry Without Answering the Call: Rape, Genocide, and the Rwandan Tribunal.« Syracuse Journal of International Law and Commerce 26 (2001): 99-124.

[Info] MacKinnon, Catherine A. »Defining Rape Internationally: A Comment on Akayesu.« Columbia Journal of Transnational Law 44 (2006): 940-958.

[Info] Mühlhäuser, Regina. »Sexuelle Gewalt als Kriegsverbrechen: eine Herausforderung für die Internationale Strafgerichtsbarkeit.« Frauen im Militär. Empirische Befunde und Perspektiven zur Integration von Frauen in die Streitkräfte. Edited by Jens-Rainer Ahrens et al. Wiesbaden 2005: 242-264.

[Info] Nelaeva, Galina A. ???????? ??????????????? ???????????? ???????????? ????????? ? ????????????? ?????????? ???. 1993-2008. Tyumen 2013.

[Info] Nowrojee, Binaifer. "Your Justice is Too Slow": Will the ICTR Fail Rwanda's Rape Victims? Geneva 2005.

[Info] Rea, Angela. Martial Rape and International Law: The Work of the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia and the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda. Memoir, University of Ottawa, 2005.

[Info] St. Germain, Tonia, et al. »Justice on whose terms? A critique of international criminal justice responses to conflict-related sexual violence.« Women's Studies International Forum 37 (2013): 36-45.

[Info] Szpak, Agnieszka. »Sexual Slavery Before ad hoc International Criminal Tribunals and the International Criminal Court.« European Scientific Journal 9 (2013): 316-325.

[Info] Trouille, Helen. »How Far Has the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda Really Come since Akayesu in the Prosecution and Investigation of Sexual Offences Committed against Women? An Analysis of Ndindiliyimana et al.« International Criminal Law Review 13 (2013): 747-788.